An electroejaculator set has the following components: carrying case, rectal probe, control unit, battery charger, power cord, probe cord, semen collection handle, collection cone and a collection vial ( Fig. 5 ). Cool the extended semen slowly to 4ºC over a minimum of 2 hours by placing it first at ambient temperature, and later into a cool room or refrigerator at 4ºC. Note: A 300 ml volume of liquid at a temperature of 30 to 35ºC will cool to 4ºC over a period of about 2 hours.

Move the bull to the chute and position the pole behind. Set up the electroejaculator beside the bull leaving it turned on and ready to be used. Participant: Clearly, he did, we had sex till dawn [Laugh] when you try to urinate it hurts and stings. That was the last time I use anything, I almost died. A Smart Dispenser ( Fig. 19 ) could be used to add the extender in a precise, electronically controlled, automatic manner.

A magnetic stirrer ( Fig. 21 ) could be used in the preparation of extenders to ensure that all of the extender components are completely dissolved and mixed. After stirring the extender may be filtered. The more common name for vaginal expanders is vaginal dilators. Healthcare professionals commonly prescribe vaginal dilators to help stretch and lengthen your vagina. For many different reasons (physiological and psychological), your vaginal tissue has become tight and sore or constricts uncontrollably before, during, or after intercourse. Figure 15 . Left: Top view of the hemacytometer showing the location of the chamber’s full grid in one of the two sides where the count is done. Right: Magnification of the hemacytometer full grid that contains nine main squares, each of which is 1 mm x 1 mm. Each corner main square has 16 small squares. (Courtesy of the Melissa Rouge).

Figure 9 . Glass slide on a warming plate with droplets of stain and semen before making a smear for sperm morphology evaluation.Ideally, bulls are restrained in a chute with good footing without the head caught in a head gate. If they are caught by the head, they are more likely to lie down during the procedure. In rare instances, it may be necessary to prevent a bull from lying down during electroejaculation by applying a restraining belt under the bull’s chest. A 30 inch (76 cm) wide chute can accommodate most bulls. It is extremely important to locate at least one strong pole behind the bull. With only one restraining pole, a height of 28 - 30 inches (71 - 76 cm) may be preferred if the scrotum and testicles are to be examined. Technique (Fig. 6): With the speculum in situ, pass the tip of the swab through the speculum to the posterior fornix of the vagina.

Perform the sperm morphology evaluation at 1000 x magnification using immersion oil, counting at least 100 sperm per sample ( Fig. 11 ). If a high number of abnormalities are observed, a count of 300 or more sperm will give a more accurate differential count. Figure 24 . Easy Coder automatic printing machine for both sizes of straws. Capacity: 3,600 straws/hour. (Courtesy of Minitube International).

Although a rough prediction of sperm concentration can be determined by visual evaluation of a semen sample, exact concentrations must be known to determine the number of doses of semen to be frozen. The following methods can be used to determine sperm concentration: 1. Electronic Counting

Figure 4 . Semen collection with a mobile dummy. The collector with the AV is seated inside the dummy. (Courtesy of Minitube International). Semen Collection by Transrectal Massage Due to the high number of straws processed by AI companies, more sophisticated equipment such as the MPP Quatro CombiSystem can be used to label, fill, and seal straws in one step ( Fig. 28 ). Electrical stimulation begins slowly until the bull shows a minimal response. Consecutive stimuli are then given, each increasing in intensity a small amount. Stimuli should last 1 - 2 seconds and then be discontinued for 0.5 - 1 second before the next one starts. Apply a lot of lube near the urethral opening and to your toy. Use a water-based, chemical-free lube.Figure 29 . Cold Handling Cabinet made of stainless steel for semen processing at working temperature of 4°C. (Courtesy of Minitube International). The Freezing Process Within a column, values without a common superscript letter (x, y) differ ( P<0.05). Within a row, values without a common superscript letter (a, b) differ ( P<0.05).