Main article: Commons:Flags of municipalities of Spain Historical flags [ edit ] Kingdom of Asturias [ edit ] Flag Bonaparte Dynasty: José I divided the shield into six quarterings: 1 Castile, 2 Leon, 3 Aragon, 4 Navarre, 5 Granada and 6 the New World, represented by the Pillars of Hercules. He also added an inescutcheon with the Bonaparte coat of arms. The flag that the Second Republic adopted as its own was the same that numerous republican groups had been using as an alternative to the rojigualda ensign, which they identified with the Bourbon monarchy in Spain. Due to this previous use, in April 1931 copies of the flag proliferated, which was adopted in a sudden way by the new provisional government. In addition to symbolizing the radical change in the government system, the inclusion of the third color sought recognition of the people of Castilla as a vital part of a new state, under the assumption that the colors red and yellow represented the peoples of the old Crown of Aragon, and believing -erroneously- that the flag of Castile had been purple. [2] Morado [ edit ] Transition to democracy [ edit ] A variant of the flag of the Second Spanish Republic with an added red star being flown in 2020

Following the 1868 Revolution that put an end to the unpopular reign of Isabella II the Provisional Government that was subsequently established decided to modify the Spanish symbols, doing away with the monarchic elements of the Bourbon Dynasty that had been up till then part of them. After reviewing a few proposals, one of which included a green civic crown, the following coat of arms was adopted: quarterly of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre enté en point of Granada. The crown was a mural crown instead of the royal crown. [1] The purple colour became identified in the early 20th century by Republicans with the colour of a legendary pendón (banner) used by Castilian Commoners when they fought against Charles V. Apparently nobody realised that the so-called pendón morado de Castilla ('purple banner of Castile') – which as I say was purpure and not purple – in fact displayed the colour of the royal Castilian standard. So incorporating it as a "Republican" colour is a bit paradoxical... The Coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic was the emblem of the Second Spanish Republic, the government that existed in Spain between April 14, 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country, and April 1, 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to Francoist forces at the end of the Spanish Civil War. In 1923, Spain was under martial law. The country was fractured with ideologies of anarchy, socialist, republican, and communist. In 1931, the republican movement won the elections and prompted the abdication of King Alfonso XII. After this, Spain became a republic once again. The flag of the Second Spanish Republic consisted of a tricolor red, yellow, and violet. The flag symbolized that every Spaniard would be represented in the government. Unidas Podemos is a left-wing to far-left electoral alliance formed by Podemos, United Left (IU) and other left-wing parties. It entered a coalition government with the PSOE in 2020.

The civil ensign was established in the Decree of 27th April 1931 as " the same as those previously described [war flag and ensign] but without the coat-of-arms". A version of the flag with gold fringing is known as the guidon and serves as the command sign or positional flag for military use. I saw recently in TV footage of demonstrations in Madrid the flag of the Spanish Republic without the emblem but with its middle stripe double wider, clearly an unintentional influence of the later (and current) design. The current use of the 1931-1936 flag by left-wing sympathisers, especially after 1975, is well known - being the plain Spanish equivalent of the anti-establishment spirit behind the use of regional and nationalist flags in “historical communities" - but this error in proportions is, I think, new, possibly atypical and ephemeral, but very interesting in its psycho-vexillological roots and vexillo-political effect. After being banished from the institutions, republicanism underwent a heap of troubles, with differences of approach becoming apparent between those followers of Pimargallian "pactist" federalism and those ready to jump into Castelar's possibilism in regard of the new conservative regime. [3] Castelar led the Partido Demócrata—later the Partido Demócrata Posibilista (PDP) and Cristino Martos the Partido Progresista Demócrata. Nonetheless, these parties, immersed in a system of unequal censitary suffrage between 1878 and 1890, were unable to compete with the large dynastic parties: the Liberal-Conservative Party of Cánovas del Castillo and Liberal–Fusionist Party of Sagasta. Later Pi y Margall formed the Partido Republicano Democrático Federal (PRDF), Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla and José María Esquerdo created the Partido Republicano Progresista (PRP), and Nicolás Salmerón established the Partido Republicano Centralista (PRC). These parties contributed a diverse set of independent republican deputies to the Spanish parliament. In June 1931 a Constituent Cortes was elected to draft a new constitution, which came into force in December. [18]

The mural crown topped coat of arms was one of the main official symbols of Spain until the 1874 coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez-Campos initiated the Bourbon Restoration, putting an end to the period known as Democratic Sexennium (Sexenio Democrático). [3] 1931 [ edit ] a b "Escudo Real Madrid" (in Spanish). santiagobernabeu.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008 . Retrieved 29 November 2008. Sánchez: "We Republicans feel very well represented in this parliamentary Monarchy", ABC 15 June 2016 If a total revision of the Constitution is proposed, or a partial revision thereof, affecting the Preliminary Part, Chapter II, Division 1 of Part I; or Part II, the principle of the proposed reform shall be approved by a two-thirds majority of the members of each House, and the Cortes Generales shall immediately be dissolved. While the events were taking place, a part of the people raised the new flag in the main squares of some large Spanish cities. Éibar, in Guipúzcoa, was the first town to hoist this banner from its Town Hall, on the 13th. Later, important cities, such as Madrid or Barcelona, followed with massive demonstrations.

Contemporary Republican Flag Variant With Wider Center Stripe

The "Royal March" has always been the Spanish National Anthem, except during the Second Republic (1931-1939), when the "Riego Anthem" was adopted. Our Digitally printed Second Spanish Republic Flags are manufactured from 115gsm Ministry of Defence approved knitted polyester flag fabric, the highest quality print fabric available for outdoor flag making. In the decree of April 27, 1931 that imposes it, signed by the self-proclaimed and provisional Government of the Republic, [3] the inclusion of the new strip is reasoned as follows: The flag of Spain is made up of colors red and yellow. There are several legends about the colors. According to one legend, the colors were selected to represent the Spanish tradition of bullfighting. Red represents the blood spilled by the bulls whereas the yellow represents the sand in the bullfighting arena. A second legend claims that the yellow represents the sun, whereas the red represents the bloodshed by the Spanish people.

Main article: Spanish Constitution of 1931 Allegory of the Spanish Republic, displaying republican symbolism such as the Phrygian cap and the motto Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternidad After the victory of the socialist and left-republican coalition in the June 1931 elections, Manuel Azaña, of Republican Action (later the Republican Left) was elected president of the Council of Ministers (premier). Azaña's government attempted to pass many reforms, such as the Agrarian Reform Law, and is consequently known as the Bienio Reformista ("Two Reformist Years"). 1931 also saw the introduction of truly universal suffrage, for the first time in Spanish history: previously restricted to men, the right to vote was now extended to women. Current legislation is based on the Spanish Constitution of 1978, which defines the Spanish Flag in its Article 4.1. The Coat of Arms Currently, the National Anthem is regulated by Royal Decree 1560/1997, of 10 October, which describes the musical score, establishes two versions, complete and shortened, and when each has to be used. Más de la mitad de los españoles dice que la Monarquía es algo "superado desde hace tiempo" / EL MUNDO" (in Spanish).

Ceremonial Colour of the Navy

Royal Decree 1511/1977, of 21 January, which approves the Regulations on Flags and Standards, Crosses, Ensigns and Badges (OSG Nº 156, of 1 July 1977) Soon, Azaña lost parliamentary support and President Alcalá-Zamora forced his resignation in September 1933. The subsequent 1933 election was won by the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA). However the President declined to invite its leader, Gil Robles, to form a government, fearing CEDA's monarchist sympathies. Instead, he invited the Radical Republican Party's Alejandro Lerroux to do so. CEDA was denied cabinet positions for nearly a year. [3] In October 1934, CEDA was finally successful in forcing the acceptance of three ministries. The Socialists triggered an insurrection that they had been preparing for nine months. [4] A general strike was called by the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the name of the Alianza Obrera. [5] The rebellion developed into a bloody revolutionary uprising, aiming to overthrow the republican government. Armed revolutionaries managed to take the whole province of Asturias, killing policemen, clerics, and businessmen and destroying religious buildings and part of the University of Oviedo. [6] In the occupied areas, the rebels officially declared a proletarian revolution and abolished regular money. [7] The rebellion was crushed by the Spanish Navy and the Spanish Republican Army, the latter using mainly Moorish colonial troops from Spanish Morocco. [8] When a Spanish youth completes military service, they are required to recite the Jura de Bandera flag oath.

The Spanish Republic (Spanish: República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Spanish: Segunda República Española), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco. The coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic was flanked by the two Pillars of Hercules bearing scrolls with the motto Plus Ultra ( Latin for further beyond). The colour of the scrolls is usually white or pale golden, [5] but there is a high proportion of official representations displaying the red colour. [6] Gallery [ edit ] The Republican flag was formed by three horizontal bands of the same width, red, yellow, and dark purple. The National Flag would have the Spanish Republican coat of arms at the centre (quarterly of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre, enté en point for Granada, ensigned by a mural crown, between the two Pillars of Hercules). This coat of arms originated in 1868 and had been used then by the Provisional Government and later by the First Spanish Republic. The civil ensign or merchant flag would be a simple tricolour without the coat of arms.The Republic soon had to confront the political polarization of the era, at the same time that totalitarian dictatorships were rising in power in Europe. The political instability of the time can be seen by the fact that, in 1932, there had already been a failed coup led by General José Sanjurjo. Landowners were expropriated. Autonomy was granted to Catalonia, with a local parliament and a president of said parliament. [2] Catholic churches in major cities were again subject to arson in 1932, and a revolutionary strike action was seen in Málaga the same year. [17] A Catholic church in Zaragoza was burnt down in 1933. Calvo and Grávalos 1983 [ cag83] has an excellent picture of the Republican flag (with the arms), no. 563 on p. 201. In it, and in other Republican flags there, it is clear that there is nothing, no crown, no eagle, nothing, on top of the pillars (an Air Force flag has an Air Force symbol above the entire arms). The inscription concerning flag 563 reads: El Decreto de 27 de abril de 1931 (Colección Legislativa del Ejército, numero 201) en su artículo 2o definió la Bandera Nacional como compuesta por tres franjas, roja, amarilla y morado, llevando en el centro de la segunda el escudo que, a falta de mejor definición, se señaló como el que habia figurado en las monedas de cinco pesetas de 1869, ésto es: Castilla, Leon, Aragon, Navarra sin la esmeralda, y Granada en punta, acoladas la columnas de Hércules, sin coronas, y basadas en tierra y con un unico listón entrelazándolas con la leyenda "Plus Ultra," al timbre corona mural. Este decreto fue desarrollado por la Orden Circular de 6 de mayo siguiente (Colección Legislativa del Ejército, número 230), en la que en su artículo 2o se detalla que la bandera de endrizar en fortificiones, campamentos y edificios tendría las dimensiones de 135 de ancho por 225 de largo. The Coat-of-Arms of the Second Spanish Republic was very similar to the present day one, with the following differences: This coat of arms was in force from 1977 until it was replaced by the current one in 1981, under Law 33/1981, of 5 October, governing the Coat of Arms of Spain. The National Anthem