Penguins and humans The cook on the Endurance preparing an emperor penguin for consumption. An Adélie penguin encountering a human during the Antarctic summer During the Late Eocene and the Early Oligocene (40–30 mya), some lineages of gigantic penguins existed. Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin was the tallest, growing nearly 1.80 meters (5.9 feet) tall. The New Zealand giant penguin was probably the heaviest, weighing 80kg or more. Both were found on New Zealand, the former also in the Antarctic farther eastwards.

International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 8, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Little Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020. For many, this new normal will be welcome. But, besides actual human interaction and some sort of delineation between work and leisure, there is one thing that'll be missed in the summer months. Air con. The Galápagos penguin is only found on the Galápagos Islands – a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean famous for providing the inspiration for Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 16, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Chinstrap Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020. About two-thirds of penguin species are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, making them one of the most endangered seabirds. Loss of habitat, disease, and infectious diseases spread by tourists loom as threats. Commercial fishing in the Southern Ocean is also a significant concern, as it has reduced fish supply by about half in the Antarctic Peninsula. This forces many penguins to compete for food, and puts them in danger of getting accidentally captured by fishing nets.The Gentoo penguin is found on several island groups in the sub-Antarctic region, including the Falkland Islands and South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean, and the Kerguelen Islands (also known as the Desolation Islands) in the southern Indian Ocean.

The diet of the chinstrap penguin consists of fish, shrimp and squid. The species will swim 50 miles / 80 km out to see in a single day when hunting. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 7, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fiordland Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020. Christidis L, Boles WE (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p.97. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.Penguins are aquatic, flightless seabirds in the family Spheniscidae. Although penguins have lost the ability to fly, they are skilled swimmers. A penguin’s powerful wings are adapted for “flying” through the water rather than through the air. Little penguins are found in New Zealand (where they are also known as little blue penguins), and Australia (where they are also known as fairy penguins).

Caballero, Rodrigo; Huber, Matthew (August 27, 2013). "State-dependent climate sensitivity in past warm climates and its implications for future climate projections". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (35): 14162–14167. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..11014162C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303365110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3761583. PMID 23918397.

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International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 7, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: King Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020.