Johanna Hellman (1889–1982) was a German physician who specialized in surgery, and the first woman to be a member of the German Society for Surgery. [109] Reichenbach L, Brown H (September 2004). "Gender and academic medicine: impacts on the health workforce". British Medical Journal. 329 (7469): 792–795. doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7469.792. PMC 521007. PMID 15459056. Britishness Abroad: Transnational Movements and Imperial Cultures. Academic Monographs. 2007. ISBN 978-0522853926. Herder-Institut: Literaturdatenbank". Litdok.de. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015 . Retrieved 4 July 2015.

Babaria, Palav; Abedin, Sakena; Berg, David; Nunez-Smith, Marcella (1 April 2012). " "I'm too used to it": A longitudinal qualitative study of third year female medical students' experiences of gendered encounters in medical education". Social Science & Medicine. 74 (7): 1013–1020. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.043. PMID 22341202.Women also engaged in midwifery and healing arts without having their activities recorded in written records, and practiced in rural areas or where there was little access to medical care. Society in the Middle Ages limited women's role as physician. Once universities established faculties of medicine during the thirteenth century, women were excluded from advanced medical education. [6] Licensure began to require clerical vows for which women were ineligible, and healing as a profession became male-dominated. [7] Deaconess Mette Cathrine Thomsen was the first trained female nurse to work in the Faroe Islands from 1897 to 1915. [133] Gynecologists can also help you with questions about pregnancy, including how to avoid getting pregnant and what to do if you think you might be pregnant. Karola Maier Milobar (born 1876) became the first female physician to practice in Croatia in 1906. [90]

Depending on your health history and how old you are, your gynecologist may use this visit to screen for problems like cervical or breast cancer. The well visit is also your chance to ask the gynecologist about reproductive health concerns like birth control.Rigau-Pérez, Jose G. (31 May 2012). "Francisco Guerra (1916-2011), Medical Historian for the World and Puerto Rico". Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. 31 (2): 72–74. PMID 22783700. Gertrud Jaron Lewis (2006). "Hildegard von Bingen". In Richard K. Emmerson; Sandra Clayton-Emmerson (eds.). Key Figures in Medieval Europe – An Encyclopedia. Great Britain: Routledge. pp.229–230. ISBN 978-0415973854. Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Hei, Ākenehi". teara.govt.nz . Retrieved 20 October 2021. Fatma bint Saada Nassor Lamki became the first female doctor in Zanzibar sometime during the 1920s. [139]

Salomée Halpir (1718 – after 1763) was a Polish medic and oculist who is often referred to as the first female doctor from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. SER, Cadena (22 February 2021). "Rosa Mari Mandicó: "trobo a faltar més reivindicació en les dones joves" ". Cadena SER (in Catalan) . Retrieved 28 October 2021. A shift from women midwifery to male obstetrics occurs in the growth of medical practices such as the founding of the American Medical Association. [60] Instead of assisting labor in the basis of an emergency, doctors took over the delivery of babies completely; putting midwifery second. [29] This is an example of the growing sense of competition between male physicians and female midwives as a rise in obstetrics took hold. The education of women on the basis of midwifery was stunted by both physicians and public-health reformers, driving midwifery to be seen as out of practice. [61] Societal roles also played a fact in the downfall of the practice in midwifery because women were unable to obtain the education needed for licensing and once married, women were to embrace a domestic lifestyle. [60] In 2018, there were 11,826 certified nurse midwives (CNMs). [62] In 2019 there were 42,720 active physicians in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [63]

War Poetry

A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in treating the female reproductive system. Photo credit: Westend61/Getty Images Anna Petronella van Heerden (1887–1975) was the first Afrikaner woman to qualify as a medical doctor in South Africa. [107] Her thesis, which she obtained a doctorate on in 1923, was the first medical thesis written in Afrikaans. [108]