Hill, C. et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11, 506–514 (2014).

The gut influences many other parts of the body, especially immunity, so the chance your microbiome is part of the problem is always possible. Source. How do I know if a probiotic is working? Holmqvist, S. et al. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 128, 805–820 (2014). The “gut-brain-axis” is a relatively new concept, proposing the existence of bidirectional communication pathways between the intestine and the brain; and misregulation of the communications and interactions between the two body compartments might be related to neurodegenerative diseases including PD 8. Sampson et al. 9 found that alpha-synuclein, the most important substance in PD pathology, could be transmitted from the gut to the brain through the vagus nerve causing dyskinesia, confirming an active role of the gut in driving the development and pathogenesis of PD 10. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome has the ability to synthesize and/or regulate various neurochemicals and neurometabolites that may directly or indirectly impact the physiological process of the organism, as well as the onset and development of PD 11. Marcus et al. (2021) showed that transplanting microbiota from young donors to aging recipient mice reversed aging-associated impairments in cognitive and behavioral deficits, partly via modulating the production of SCFAs and neurotransmitters 12. Additionally, levodopa (the precursor of dopamine), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) could be produced by certain microbes in the gut and transmitted to the brain through the systemic circulation, finally relieving neurodegenerative diseases 13, 14, 15.They’re especially good if you don’t eat fermented foods like kefir and sauerkraut often. Many people dislike the taste of these foods, and eating them daily or regularly is difficult. Olm, M. R. et al. dRep: a tool for fast and accurate genomic comparisons that enables improved genome recovery from metagenomes through de-replication. Isme J. 11, 2864–2868 (2017). van Kessel, S. P. et al. Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Nat. Commun. 10, 11 (2019). Jang, H. M. et al. Evidence for interplay among antibacterial-induced gut microbiota disturbance, neuro-inflammation, and anxiety in mice. Mucosal Immunol. 11, 1386–1397 (2018).

Deng, H. Y. et al. Efficacy of probiotics on cognition, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults with Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment - a meta-analysis of randomized controned trials. Aging 12, 4010–4039 (2020).Bhattarai, Y. & Kashyap, P. C. Parkinson’s disease: are gut microbes involved? Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 319, G529–G540 (2020). Kim, C. S. et al. Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function and mood with changes in gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 76, 32–40 (2021). The treatments continued for 3 months. Clinical improvement was the primary outcome of this study, while changes in the fecal microbiota and serum metabolites were the secondary outcomes. Patients were assessed by Unified PD Rating Scale-III (UPDRS- III) for the overall condition of PD 71; Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HADM-17) for their mental state 72; Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) for sleep quality 73; Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the degree of pain 74; Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for their daily living ability 75; and Patient-Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QCL) for their GI symptoms 76 and other constipation-related issues, including Bristol scores, difficulty in defecation, feces hardness, incomplete defecation, assisted defecation by hand, number/week of spontaneous and completed defecation. Irritable bowel syndrome. Probiotics can sometimes help ease symptoms, including stomach pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation. The first capsule in Probio7 50 PLUS provides 10 billion friendly bacteria from 8 strains, plus 1 billion S. boulardii, a strain of friendly yeast. It also contains 2 types of natural fibre which feed and encourage friendly bacteria in your digestive system. The second capsule contains carefully selected vitamins and minerals, plant extracts (ginkgo biloba and curcuma) and fish oils to help you maintain a healthy mind and body.

dovadă de plătitor de contribuție C.A.S. a asiguratului – adeverință de salariat din care să rezulte că s-au plătit contribuțiile către Casă de Asigurări, respectiv chitanță la zi de la C.A.S. în cazul Persoanelor Fizice Autorizate; Ozcan, T. et al. The relation of sexual dysfunction to depression and anxiety in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 27, 33–37 (2015). Cao, J. N. et al. Bifidobacterium Lactis Probio-M8 regulates gut microbiota to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Eur. J. Nutr. 60, 3757–3769 (2021). Although probiotics are generally recognized as safe, if you have a compromised or weakened immune system (like if you have chemotherapy treatments, a critical illness or you’ve recently had surgery) you should avoid taking probiotic supplements and probiotic foods.Feng, W., Ao, H. & Peng, C. Gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and herbal medicines. Front. Pharmacol. 9, 1354 (2018). Many probiotic products are formulated with beneficial bacteria and yeasts for the purpose of preventing or recovering from bacterial or yeast infections in your different body parts, including: Kuai, X. Y. et al. Evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson’s disease patients with constipation. Microb. Cell Factories 20, 9 (2021). For centuries communities have been fermenting foods and kept these foods as a staple part of their diet. Sometimes it was done out of necessity (such as preserving food for winter) and sometimes it was done out of tradition, but regardless our ancestors understood intimately the value of keeping the best probiotics in our diet to nurture the bacteria in our systems. Cassani, E. et al. Use of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 57, 117–121 (2011).