In addition, RAF Brize Norton with direct flights to the Falkland Islands is less than two hours away by car. [74] Though not generally considered London airports, Birmingham Airport and Southampton Airport have been suggested as alternative airports for London due to the existence of direct rail links serving Central London. [75] Airport transit [ edit ] Although Orbirail had no official status as a planned project, the completion of Transport for London's London Overground on 9 December 2012 achieved substantially the same objective. Parker, David (2009). The official history of privatisation. London: Routledge. p. 232. ISBN 9780203881521. An alternative to a single fully orbital route would be two or more semi-orbital routes that join to encircle London. TfL's London Overground is an example of this: in Clapham Junc

The North Wales Coast Line between Crewe and Holyhead is not electrified. Services between London, Chester and Holyhead are operated by Super Voyager tilting diesel trains. Formerly in the case of one of the Holyhead services, a Pendolino set was hauled from Crewe by a Class 57/3 diesel locomotive.Start of Low floor buses - a Freedom of Information request to Transport for London". WhatDoTheyKnow. 2 December 2013 . Retrieved 7 August 2021. However, it was not until the introduction of Drummond's M7 class 0-4-4 tanks and electrification of the suburban railway network that the class was generally removed from the London section of the LSWR to rural branch duties from 1895. [2] In addition to London's radial lines and cross-London routes, there are also several orbital National Rail lines connecting peripheral inner-London suburbs. These lines have been under the management of TfL since November 2007 and are operated by private contract under the London Overground brand. This commuter transport is operated as a rapid transit system with high-frequency services around a circular route with radial branch lines and is designed to reduce stress from the inner-city Tube network by allowing commuters to travel across London without going through the central Zone 1. [23]

London has a hierarchy of roads ranging from major radial and orbital trunk roads down to minor "side streets". At the top level are motorways and grade-separated dual carriageways, supplemented by non-grade-separated urban dual carriageways, major single carriageway roads, local distributor roads and small local streets. Light Rail and Tram Statistics: England 2013/14" (PDF). Government of the UK. Department for Transport . Retrieved 5 August 2014. Main article: Airports of London London's Heathrow Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world. In September 2006, a new speed record was set on the WCML– a Pendolino train completed the 401-mile (645km) Glasgow Central– London Euston run in a record 3 hours 55 minutes, beating the APT's record of 4 hours 15 minutes, although the APT still holds the overall record on the northbound run.Public Carriage Office begins consultation on licensing pedicabs in London" (Press release). Transport for London. 29 June 2006 . Retrieved 28 May 2007. Another important section, the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR), which opened its route in 1848 from Macclesfield (connecting with the LNWR from Manchester) to Stafford and Colwich Junction via Stoke-on-Trent, also remained independent. Poor relations between the LNWR and the NSR meant that through trains did not run until 1867. [14] Main article: Buses in London A New Routemaster bus entering Park Lane on London Buses route 73 to Stoke Newington The final table retraces the route specifically to indicate the many loops, branches, junctions and interchange stations on the core of the WCML.