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Prince, E. E. 1891. Notes on the development of the angler-fish ( Lophius piscatorius). Ninth Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland (1890), Part III: 343–348. a b Munk, Ole; Hansen, Kjeld; Herring, Peter J. (2009). "On the Development and Structure of the Escal Light Organ of Some Melanocetid Deep Sea Anglerfishes (Pisces: Ceratioidei)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 78 (4): 1321. doi: 10.1017/S0025315400044520. ISSN 0025-3154. S2CID 84603596.
Another in situ observation of three different whipnose anglerfish showed unusual inverted swimming-behavior. Fish were observed floating inverted completely motionless with the illicium hanging down stiffly in a slight arch in front of the fish. The illicium was hanging over small visible burrows. It was suggested this is an effort to entice prey and an example of low-energy opportunistic foraging and predation. When the ROV approached the fish, they exhibited burst swimming, still inverted. [24]
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One family, the Lophiidae, is of commercial interest with fisheries found in western Europe, eastern North America, Africa, and East Asia. In Europe and North America, the tail meat of fish of the genus Lophius, known as monkfish or goosefish (North America), is widely used in cooking, and is often compared to lobster tail in taste and texture. Some evidence shows that some anglerfish acquired their bioluminescent symbionts from the local environment. Genetic materials of the symbiont bacteria is found near the anglerfish, indicating that the anglerfish and their associated bacteria are most likely not evolved together and the bacteria take difficult journeys to enter the host. [3] In a study on Ceratioid anglerfish in the Gulf of Mexico, researchers noticed that the confirmed host-associated bioluminescent microbes are not present in the larval specimens and throughout host development. The Ceratioids likely acquired their bioluminescent symbionts from the seawater. [2] Photobacterium phosphoreum and members from kishitanii clade constitute the major or sole bioluminescent symbiont of several families of deep-sea luminous fishes. [19] The source of luminescence is symbiotic bacteria that dwell in and around the esca, enclosed in a cup-shaped reflector containing crystals, probably consisting of guanine. Anglerfish make use of these symbiotic relationships with extracellular luminous bacteria. [15] Atypical of luminous symbionts that live outside of the host's cells, the bacteria found in the lures of anglerfish are experiencing an evolutionary shift to smaller and less developed genomes (genomic reduction) assisted by transposon expansions. [15] Only a handful of luminescent symbiont species can associate with deep-sea anglerfishes. [3] In some species, the bacteria recruited to the esca are incapable of luminescence independent of the anglerfish, suggesting they have developed a symbiotic relationship and the bacteria are unable to synthesize all of the chemicals necessary for luminescence on their own. They depend on the fish to make up the difference. While females found within most anglerfish families have bioluminescence, there are exceptions including the Caulophrynidae and Neoceratiidae families. [16]
The methods anglerfish use to locate mates vary. Some species have minute eyes that are unfit for identifying females, while others have underdeveloped nostrils, making them unlikely to effectively find females by scent. [4] When a male finds a female, he bites into her skin, and releases an enzyme that digests the skin of his mouth and her body, fusing the pair down to the blood-vessel level. [33] The male becomes dependent on the female host for survival by receiving nutrients via their shared circulatory system, and provides sperm to the female in return. After fusing, males increase in volume and become much larger relative to free-living males of the species. They live and remain reproductively functional as long as the female lives, and can take part in multiple spawnings. [4] This extreme sexual dimorphism ensures that when the female is ready to spawn, she has a mate immediately available. [33] Multiple males can be incorporated into a single individual female with up to eight males in some species, though some taxa appear to have a "one male per female" rule. [4] In Africa, the countries of Namibia and the Republic of South Africa record the highest catches. [38] In Asia, especially Japan, monkfish liver, known as ankimo, is considered a delicacy. [39] Anglerfish is especially heavily consumed in South Korea, where it is featured as the main ingredient in dishes such as Agujjim. Yasugi, Masaki; Hori, Michio (June 2016). "Predominance of parallel- and cross-predation in anglerfish". Marine Ecology. 37 (3): 576–587. doi: 10.1111/maec.12309. Haygood, Margo G.; Distel, Daniel L. (May 1993). "Bioluminescent symbionts of flashlight fishes and deep-sea anglerfishes form unique lineages related to the genus Vibrio". Nature. 363 (6425): 154–156. Bibcode: 1993Natur.363..154H. doi: 10.1038/363154a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 7683390. S2CID 4346611. a b c Shimazaki, Mitsuomi; Nakaya, Kazuhiro (1 February 2004). "Functional anatomy of the luring apparatus of the deep-sea ceratioid anglerfish Cryptopsaras couesii (Lophiiformes: Ceratiidae)". Ichthyological Research. 51 (1): 33–37. doi: 10.1007/s10228-003-0190-6. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 21508894.
a b c d Baker, Lydia J.; Freed, Lindsay L.; Easson, Cole G.; Lopez, Jose V.; Fenolio, Danté; Sutton, Tracey T.; Nyholm, Spencer V.; Hendry, Tory A. (1 October 2019). "Diverse deep-sea anglerfishes share a genetically reduced luminous symbiont that is acquired from the environment". eLife. 8: e47606. doi: 10.7554/eLife.47606. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6773444. PMID 31571583. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link) This striking and very dramatic Angler Fish table lamp sculpture is made from cast resin with copper and brass elements. It is a limited edition lamp of just fifty items. The Angler fish sculpture is then mounted on an oak wood plinth. The inspiration for the Angler fish comes from the easily recognisable and famous deep sea fish with its glowing illuminating light. This unusual sculpture of the amazing and mysterious fish features a long curved dorsal spine that holds the light bulb, attracting prey near enough to be trapped by its long sharp teeth! Carefully handcrafted, the Angler fish table lamp features two rows of sharp teeth, cylindrical bulging eyes and long spiky fins. It would be a very eye-catching table lamp in any interior and make a fascinating talking point too. Gorey, Colm (23 March 2018). "Scientists stunned to capture first mating footage of bizarre anglerfish". SiliconRepublic.com . Retrieved 23 March 2018. Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5. Best Gift Choice For Housewarming: It is the best gift for christmas,birthday,mother’s day,valentine’s day,labor day.Give a gift that’s extremely practical but also not forgotten!
Nik Burns is a renowned metal sculptor with a studio based in England. His work features a blend of nature with machine and is central to his practice offering a common theme throughout these very unusual artwork pieces. The sculptures are made predominantly from wood and metal and designed for interior display. Hendry, Tory A.; Freed, Lindsay L.; Fader, Dana; Fenolio, Danté; Sutton, Tracey T.; Lopez, Jose V. (26 June 2018). Moran, Nancy A. (ed.). "Ongoing Transposon-Mediated Genome Reduction in the Luminous Bacterial Symbionts of Deep-Sea Ceratioid Anglerfishes". mBio. 9 (3): e01033–18, /mbio/9/3/mBio.01033–18.atom. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01033-18. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 6020299. PMID 29946051. Fariña, A. C; Azevedo, M; Landa, J; Duarte, R; Sampedro, P; Costas, G; Torres, M. A; Cañás, L (October 2008). "Lophius in the world: a synthesis on the common features and life strategies". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 65 (7): 1272–1280. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn140– via Oxford Academic.Most adult female ceratioid anglerfish have a luminescent organ called the esca at the tip of a modified dorsal ray (the illicium or fishing rod; derived from Latin ēsca, "bait"). The organ has been hypothesized to serve the purpose of luring prey in dark, deep-sea environments, but also serves to call males' attention to the females to facilitate mating. a b Isakov, Noah (2022). "Histocompatibility and Reproduction: Lessons from the Anglerfish". Life. 12 (1): 113. doi: 10.3390/life12010113. ISSN 2075-1729. PMC 8780861. PMID 35054506. a b Hendry, Tory A.; Freed, Lindsay L.; Fader, Dana; Fenolio, Danté; Sutton, Tracey T.; Lopez, Jose V. (5 July 2018). Moran, Nancy A. (ed.). "Ongoing Transposon-Mediated Genome Reduction in the Luminous Bacterial Symbionts of Deep-Sea Ceratioid Anglerfishes". mBio. 9 (3): e01033–18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01033-18. ISSN 2161-2129. PMC 6020299. PMID 29946051.
Symbiosis is not the only method of reproduction in anglerfish. In fact, many families, including the Melanocetidae, Himantolophidae, Diceratiidae, and Gigantactinidae, show no evidence of male symbiosis. [32] Females in some of these species contain large, developed ovaries and free-living males have large testes, suggesting these sexually mature individuals may spawn during a temporary sexual attachment that does not involve fusion of tissue. Males in these species also have well-toothed jaws that are far more effective in hunting than those seen in symbiotic species. [32] A mitochondrial genome phylogenetic study suggested the anglerfishes diversified in a short period of the early to mid- Cretaceous, between 130 and 100million years ago. [5] Classification [ edit ]
Ludt, William B.; Clardy, Todd R. (March 2022). "First detection of biofluorescence in a deep‐sea anglerfish". Journal of Fish Biology. 100 (3): 843–846. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14988. ISSN 0022-1112. PMID 34982469. S2CID 245670526.
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