Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien

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Tolkien, Christopher, ed. (1988). The Return of the Shadow: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part One. The History of Middle-earth. Vol.6. ISBN 0-04-440162-0. The Lays of Beleriand. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. The History of Middle-earth: Vol. 3. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1985. Ash nazg gimbatul". Der Spiegel (in German). No.35/1969. 25 August 1969. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Professor Tolkien, der seinen Namen vom deutschen Wort 'tollkühn' ableitet,... . Phillip, Norman (2005). "The Prevalence of Hobbits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009. The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1983. A collection of seven lectures or essays by Tolkien covering Beowulf, Gawain, and ‘On Fairy Stories’.

Rogers, William N. II; Underwood, Michael R. (2000). "Gagool and Gollum: Exemplars of Degeneration in King Solomon's Mines and The Hobbit". In Clark, George; Timmons, Daniel (eds.). J. R. R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth. Greenwood Press. pp. 121–132. ISBN 978-0-313-30845-1. Bhatia, Shyam (8 January 2003). "The Lord of the Rings rooted in racism". Rediff India Abroad. Archived from the original on 3 November 2010 . Retrieved 4 December 2010. Grotta, Daniel (28 March 2001). J. R. R. Tolkien Architect of Middle Earth. Running Press. pp.64–. ISBN 978-0-7624-0956-3. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Rogers, William N. II; Underwood, Michael R. (2000). "Gagool and Gollum: Exemplars of Degeneration in King Solomon's Mines and The Hobbit". In Clark, George; Timmons, Daniel (eds.). J. R. R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.121–132. ISBN 978-0-313-30845-1 . Retrieved 3 March 2021. He was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa but his parents were both from England. He lost much of his family at an early age. He fought in World War I, and after the war he found a job helping to produce the Oxford English Dictionary. Tolkien was very interested in languages, and he had studied at Oxford University. Soon he became a professor of English Language at the University of Leeds. He was then a professor at the University of Oxford until 1959, when he retired. He also was good friends with many other writers and scholars, most notably C. S. Lewis, who wrote the Narnia books, The Screwtape Letters, and many essays on Christian theology. Tolkien himself was a devout Catholic.a prose translation of Beowulf that Tolkien made in the 1920s, with commentary from Tolkien's lecture notes. [146] [147] Tolkien's maps, like his illustrations, helped his readers to enter his subcreated world of Middle-earth. The Hobbit had two maps; The Lord of the Rings had three, redrawn by his son Christopher Tolkien; The Silmarillion had two. These served multiple purposes, first as guides to the author, helping to ensure consistency in the narrative, and later to the reader through the often complex routes taken by his characters. [1] [5] Calligraphy [ edit ] Tolkien's artwork was a key element of his creativity from the time when he began to write fiction. The philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien prepared a wide variety of materials to support his fiction, including illustrations for his Middle-earth fantasy books, facsimile artefacts, more or less "picturesque" maps, calligraphy, and sketches and paintings from life. Some of his artworks combined several of these elements. Tolkien, John Ronald Reul of Merton College Oxford". probatesearchservice.gov. UK Government. 1973. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. On her return to London in 1949, Pamela joined The Royal Photographic Society, having at the age of only 21 gained her Associateship. At the RPS she met the then curator and subsequent President, J. Dudley Johnston. He was impressed by her work and enthusiasm and she was commissioned to take his official portrait for use by the RPS, they became friends and corresponded right up until his death.

Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina (2006). The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide. Vol.2. HarperCollins. pp.224, 226, 232. ISBN 978-0-618-39113-4. Ciabattari, Jane (20 November 2014). "Hobbits and hippies: Tolkien and the counterculture". BBC. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019 . Retrieved 3 March 2021. Zettersten, A. (25 April 2011). J. R. R. Tolkien's Double Worlds and Creative Process: Language and Life. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-11840-9. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. The Shaping of Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. The History of Middle-earth: Vol. 4. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1986.Since 2003, The Tolkien Society has organized Tolkien Reading Day, which takes place on 25 March in schools around the world. [192] In 2013, Pembroke College, Oxford University, established an annual lecture on fantasy literature in Tolkien's honour. [193] In 2012, Tolkien was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired. [194] [195] A 2019 biographical film, Tolkien, focused on Tolkien's early life and war experiences. [196] The Tolkien family and estate stated that they did not "approve of, authorise or participate in the making of" the film. [197] Sarehole Mill's blue plaque