Seal Skull: Band 04 Blue/Band 16 Sapphire (Collins Big Cat Progress)

Product Information

Mating season means different things for different pinniped species. For some, it means hauling out of the sea in massive rookeries on shore, while for others it can mean finding a sturdy ice floe. Understanding the range of what an animal species is, and historically was, capable of is helpful. Sometimes what we think it can do is just a fragment of its actual possibilities,” said Zicos.

Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; Boveng, Peter L. (1999). "Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica". Journal of Zoology. 249 (1): 97–109. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01063.x. Landmarks 15, 34, and 35 (on the orbit and pterygoid hamular) in harbor seals were at the more posterior location than those of the spotted seals (Figure 4a, b). Landmark 28 (molar) in harbor seals was located more on the buccal compared with the spotted seals (Figure 4b). All of this would be obvious to any marine biologist with expertise in cetacean anatomy, but for everyone else, these bones would look positively alien - which is exactly why Connie wants people to see them.a b McLaren, Ian (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 270–275. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5. Skulls were placed on a cutting mat (57 × 640 cm, Clover), and a digital camera (D3000, Nikon) mounted on a tripod (FHD-41Q, Velbon) was used to photograph the dorsal and ventral sides, and the lateral crania and mandibles. Distance was approximately 40 cm from skull to camera. All skulls were photographed in the same place at Tokyo University of Agriculture Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan. Adobe Photoshop CS2 was used to align the scales of the photographs. 2.2.2 Landmarks on skulls

Newby, T.C. (1978). Pacific Harbor Seal pp 184–191 in D. Haley, ed. Marine Mammals of Eastern North Pacific and Arctic Waters, Pacific Search Press, Seattle WA. Landmark 74 (ventral of the body of the mandible), which was reflected in PC1, and important identification landmarks 72 and 73 calculated by random forests were close to each other and showed tendencies similar to the selected landmark (Figures 4, 6). Landmark 29 (molar), which was reflected in PC2, and important identification landmark 28 calculated by random forests also showed a similar position at the posterior rostrum (Figures 4, 6). Landmark 56 (posterior of the external auditory meatus) of PC2 was also a common important identification landmark selected by random forests (Figures 4, 6). Landmarks 21–27 (anterior of the rostrum) and landmarks 8–10 and 12–13 (around the squamosal) were reflected in PCs in PCA, but these were not selected by the random forests (Figures 4, 6). 4 DISCUSSION Scatterplots of the first two axes of principal component analysis based on variables of the landmarks of spotted seals and harbor seals aged 7 or older. Circles represent spotted seals and triangles represent harbor seals. Variables that were strongly reflected in each axis are represented by the illustrations of the cranium and landmarks. Filled circles and numbers represent the landmarks. The asterisk (*) in the illustrations of cranium indicates the centroid pointRogers, T. L (2007). "Age-related differences in the acoustic characteristics of male leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 122 (1): 596–605. Bibcode: 2007ASAJ..122..596R. doi: 10.1121/1.2736976. PMID 17614516. Bjørge, A.; Øien, N.; Hartvedt, S.; Bøthum, G.; Bekkby, T. (2002). "Dispersal and bycatch mortality in grey, Halichoerus grypys, and harbour, Phoca vitulina, seals tagged at the Norwegian coast". Mar. Mammal Sci. 18 (4): 963–976. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01085.x. S2CID 84812505. The current study aims to analyze differences in the shapes of skulls of spotted and harbor seals using geometric morphometrics and discuss morphological differences of the skulls in the context of ecological differences. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Collection of samples 2.1.1 Collection and treatment of skulls Saundry, Peter. (2010) Leopard Seal. Encyclopedia of Earth. Topic ed. C. Michael Hogan, editor-in-chief Cutler Cleveland, NCSE, Washington DC