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Note that this claim is not as far-fetched as it might at first seem: If (i) consciousness in people is a physical process – due to energy, forces and work – and (ii) we infer the presence of consciousness in other people on the basis of observing them extrinsically – as we habitually do – and (iii) there is something it is like to be a conscious person – as we assume there is – then (iv) we routinely infer the presence of an intrinsic something it is like-ness in a physical process on the basis of observing it from an extrinsic perspective. However, as discussed below, human consciousness is a particular kind of something it is like-ness that occurs only when certain conditions are met. From an environmental point of view, it is reported that if biomass pellets are used instead of coal for power generation, CO 2 emissions will be reduced by 205Mt annually ( Purohit and Chaturvedi, 2018). Sikkema et al. (2011) reported that through the consumption of 8.2 million tons of wood pellets, 12.6 million tons of CO 2 emissions were avoided in all EU countries in 2008. Zheng Yuhua, Luo Dongkun. Industrial structure and oil consumption growth path of China: Empirical evidence. Energy. 2013;57:336–343. He Yongxiu, Pang Yuexia, Shu Han. The Synergy Mechanism of Promoting Renewable Energy Consumption in China. Energy Procedia. 2017;105:327–334.

At present, the main methods of carbon emission accounting are emission factor method, material balance method and actual measurement method. The emission factor method is the main method of IPCC and international carbon emission accounting, which has good applicability and operability. The emission factor method is selected to calculate the carbon emission of energy consumption in Shaanxi. The calculation formula of the emission factor method is:

The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication. Funding iv)The energy consumption structure diversity in Shaanxi is negatively correlated with energy efficiency. Shaanxi H index is negatively correlated with total factor energy utilization efficiency in Shaanxi, and for every 1% increase in Shaanxi H index, total factor energy utilization efficiency decreases by 0.044%, indicating that with the improvement of the energy consumption structure diversity in Shaanxi, total factor energy utilization efficiency declines. The internal proportion of the energy consumption structure has constantly optimized with more and more investment, which leads to decline in total factor energy efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of total factor energy utilization efficiency while improving the energy consumption structure, so as to promote the GDP. The proportion of coal is negatively correlated with total factor energy utilization efficiency in Shaanxi, and for every 1% increase in coal proportion, total factor energy utilization efficiency decreases by 0.133%, indicating that with the increase in the proportion of coal consumption in total energy consumption in Shaanxi, total factor energy Utilization efficiency declines. High proportion of coal consumption will affect the improvement of total factor energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to improve total factor energy utilization efficiency and gradually reduce the proportion of coal consumption. Qing Yu 1,2 Yacheng Wang 1 Quyet Van Le 3 Han Yang 1 Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha 4 Yafeng Yang 1 Christian Sonne 1,5 Meisam Tabatabaei 1,4,6,7 Su Shiung Lam 1,6 Wanxi Peng 1*

Biodiesel, long-chain fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters (FAME or FAEE, respectively) is produced mainly via the transesterification reaction using short-chain alcohols, i.e., methanol or ethanol, and in the presence of a base or acid catalyst ( Chuah et al., 2017; Hajjari et al., 2017). Compared with diesel, biodiesel combustion leads to lower smoke, PM CO, and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions ( Amid et al., 2020). Also, it contributes much less to global warming than diesel because the carbon contained in biodiesel is mainly of biogenic CO 2 origin ( Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha et al., 2018). The research on biodiesel production has already reached maturity, resulting in replacing diesel with various biodiesel blends in many parts of the world. It should be quoted that neat biodiesel and its blends (up to 20%) with diesel can be used in diesel engines without requiring engine modifications ( Narasimharao et al., 2007). I am grateful to the following for discussions and suggestions: Alistair Burleigh, Alan Dix, Chris Doran, Robert K. Logan, Heddwyn Loudon, Chen Song, Galen Strawson, Emmett Thompson, Sander Van der Cruys, and to the reviewers for their comments and criticism. Footnotes An alternative, or perhaps complementary, way to think about this issue is in terms of how the energetic activity in the brain is organized rather than its global level or localization. Indeed, this has implicitly been the focus of recent research that aims to provide quantitative measures of consciousness levels. In one study, researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to send a magnetic pulse through the brains of healthy controls and patients with various states of impaired consciousness ( Casali et al., 2013). By measuring how the pulse perturbed the cortex the researchers were able to determine the relative complexity and extent of the pathways through which the pulse propagated and correlate these to levels of consciousness. The researchers calculated a perturbation-complexity index (PCI) that quantified the levels of consciousness present in each person they studied. This method was further validated as a reliable objective measure of levels of consciousness by Casarotto et al. (2016). Discussing the diversity of energy consumption structure will provide an interesting new way of thinking for carbon emission reduction. As a large province of energy supply, Shaanxi’s energy consumption structure has attracted much attention, what impact does it have on local energy efficiency and carbon emissions? In this paper, the diversity calculation method will be used to calculate the energy consumption structure of Shaanxi, China, and establish a regression model between the energy consumption structure, energy efficiency and carbon emissions, and discuss the relationship between them. Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China

The abbreviations referred to in the paper are as follows. H index stands for diversity index, E index stands for equilibrium index, DEA stands for Data Envelopment Analysis, DMU stands for Decision Making Units. The difference between 1 and 0, for example, is an abstract difference conceived within a conscious mind. The most widely cited technical definition of information is that given by Shannon (1948) as part of his mathematical theory of communication. For Shannon, information does not refer to meaning or semantics, as it does colloquially. The information is the amount of uncertainty in a message (a sequence of data) measured through probabilistic analysis of its elements. Information theory has developed into an exceptionally powerful mathematical tool that can be used, among many other things, to measure the complexity of physical systems. But a quantity of Shannon information is a measure of what can be known about a system as distinct from the system itself. The information lies with the measurer rather than the measured 13. Citation: Yin T (2023) The diversity of energy consumption structure, energy efficiency and carbon emissions: Evidence from Shaanxi, China. PLoS ONE 18(5): The article is supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (No. 21IRTSTHN020) and Central Plain Scholar Funding Project of Henan Province (No. 212101510005). Conflict of Interest