After the Coalition

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DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019 . Retrieved 18 December 2018. Niksch, Larry A; Sutter, Robert G (23 May 1991). "Japan's Response to the Persian Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations". Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress . Retrieved 4 December 2005.

Gen. Schwarzkopf's Famed News Conference, archived from the original on 1 September 2021 , retrieved 20 May 2021 Hiro, Dilip (1992). Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-90657-9. Hoskinson, Ronald Andrew; Jarvis, Norman (1994). "Gulf War Photo Gallery" . Retrieved 4 December 2005.A British Challenger 1 achieved the longest range confirmed tank kill of the war, destroying an Iraqi tank with an armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot (APFSDS) round fired over 4,700 metres (2.9mi)—the longest tank-on-tank kill shot recorded. [250] [251] Casualties Civilian Iraqi Kurds fleeing to Turkey shortly after the war This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. DRAFT RESOLUTION /CANADA, COLOMBIA, CÔTE D'IVOIRE, ETHIOPIA, FINLAND, FRANCE, MALAYSIA, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" (PDF). S/21425. United Nations OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM. 2 August 1990. Rostker, Bernard (2000). "Information Paper: Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles". Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control from 2000 to 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011 . Retrieved 21 May 2009. Operation Desert Shield was the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense from 2 August 1990, to 16 January 1991 [ citation needed]

The first prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who dominated Iraqi politics for years, had close ties to Tehran and links to armed militias. His government was in power during an era of sectarian and authoritarian policies.T]he Iraqi people, who were not consulted about the invasion, have paid the price for their government's madness... Iraqis understood the legitimacy of a military action to drive their army from Kuwait, but they have had difficulty comprehending the Allied rationale for using air power to systematically destroy or cripple Iraqi infrastructure and industry: electric power stations (92 percent of installed capacity destroyed), refineries (80 percent of production capacity), petrochemical complexes, telecommunications centers (including 135 telephone networks), bridges (more than 100), roads, highways, railroads, hundreds of locomotives and boxcars full of goods, radio and television broadcasting stations, cement plants, and factories producing aluminum, textiles, electric cables, and medical supplies. [310] The US Department of Defense reports that US forces suffered 148 battle-related deaths (35 to friendly fire [280]), with one pilot listed as MIA (his remains were found and identified in August 2009). A further 145 Americans died in non-combat accidents. [267] The UK suffered 47 deaths (nine to friendly fire, all by US forces), France nine, [267] and the other countries, not including Kuwait, suffered 37 deaths (18 Saudis, one Egyptian, six UAE and three Qataris). [267] At least 605 Kuwaiti soldiers were still missing 10 years after their capture. [281] The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Kuwait War, First Iraq War, or Iraq War [24] [25] [26] [a] before the term "Iraq War" became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War (also referred to in the U.S. as " Operation Iraqi Freedom"). [27] The war was named Umm al-Ma'arik ("mother of all battles") by Iraqi officials. [28] Palestinians Open Kuwaiti Embassy". Al Monitor. 23 May 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013.

Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) and satellite communication systems were also important. Two examples of this are the US Navy's Grumman E-2 Hawkeye and the US Air Force's Boeing E-3 Sentry. Both were used in command and control area of operations. These systems provided essential communications links between air, ground, and naval forces. It is one of several reasons coalition forces dominated the air war. [ citation needed]The US Patriot missile was used in combat for the first time. The US military claimed a high effectiveness against Scuds at the time, but later analysis gives figures as low as 9%, with 45% of the 158 Patriot launches being against debris or false targets. [351] The Dutch Ministry of Defense, which also sent Patriot missiles to protect civilians in Israel and Turkey, later disputed the higher claim. [140] Further, there is at least one incident of a software error causing a Patriot missile's failure to engage an incoming Scud, resulting in deaths. [352] Both the US Army and the missile manufacturers maintained the Patriot delivered a "miracle performance" in the Gulf War. [351] Popular culture On 15 September, Dominic Raab released his statement. In it he advocated for a foreign policy that would shed the United Kingdom's "utopian idealism in favour of a more rugged internationalism". He argued for a deal that would target reducing carbon dioxide emissions within the top 20 carbon-emitting countries, for Britain to refocus its priorities in foreign conflicts to reflect its "interests and capabilities", for the strengthening of relations with the Commonwealth, for the United Kingdom to pursue a more relaxed relationship with the United States, and for it to seek a two-speed European Union. [5] Critical reception [ edit ] al-Khalil, Samir (11 April 1991). "Iraq and Its Future | by Samir al-Khalil | The New York Review of Books". www.nybooks.com. Desert Storm Part 22: Charge of the Heavy Brigade". British Army Official Blog. 28 February 2016 . Retrieved 27 December 2016.

See also: Task Force 1-41 Infantry Soldiers of 2nd Platoon, Company C, 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment pose with a captured Iraqi tank, February 1991 Lori Robertson (2007). "Images of War". AJR. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 20 July 2007. That has led many Iraqis to support Shia leader al-Sadr, a self-declared Iraqi nationalist, whose forces have been accused of carrying out some of the worst violence in the post-2003 Iraqi civil war. Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait" (PDF). Newcastle University. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013 . Retrieved 5 March 2014. Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.Royce, Knut (3 January 1991). "Iraq Offers Deal to Quit Kuwait U.S. rejects it, but stays 'interested' ". Newsday Washington Bureau. Long Island, N.Y. p.5 . Retrieved 24 October 2010. a b "The Impact of the Gulf Crisis on Developing Countries". ODI Briefing Paper. March 1991. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012 . Retrieved 29 June 2011. Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-471-54299-5. Keep reading list of 3 items list 1 of 3 How the Iraqi symphony orchestra has survived wars and sanctions list 2 of 3 What is the legacy of the US-led invasion in Iraq? list 3 of 3 Iraqis still haunted by Saddam-era disappearances after his fall end of list