Core Products Shelf board in natural size: 80 cm x 25 cm

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Now, as you point out, 132 character displays can be implemented within the range of a typical TV CRT; you'd need to use 5 pixel wide characters and aim for a resolution of 660 pixels. But with 5 pixels width, and the need to have empty space between characters, that means you have a maximum of 4 pixels per character, and 4 pixel wide fonts are generally quite untidy-looking and can be hard to read. Multiples of 7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105, 112, 119, 126, 133, 140 Rectangular hollow section generally available in 6.000 Metre lengths and commonly in Grades T304, T316 & Grade T430; All in a wide variety of finishes. For data processing on terminals it was a natural goal to display at least one basic data record - read, one punch card - in one display line, so data fields can be viewed as columns. The IBM 1050 Data Communications System is a typical example of an early (printing) terminal system. At the center with an adapted IBM Selectric typewriter, able to print 80 columns. Still, without 80 column support they were less than desirable for any serious usage (aka mainframe related) beside specialized data entry. A general purpose terminal needs to support at least the most common data structure at once.

Technically the gold standard of all CRT based terminals, the 3270, did not display 24 but 25 lines. Just this 25th line was (usually) not accessible to user programs, as it held status information about the connection, session status or terminal/keyboard mode. So on a user level every competitor had to offer (at least) 80x24, which most did. The IBM PC text adapters were designed with terminal emulation in mind. Thus the hardware had to provide a 25th line. A line general available for any program. The multiples of numbers calculator will find 100 multiples of a positive integer. For example, the multiples of 3 are calculated 3x1, 3x2, 3x3, 3x4, 3x5, etc., which equal 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, etc. You can designate a minimum value to generate multiples greater than a number. For example, to find 100 multiples of 36 that are greater than 1000 you will get: 1008, 1044, 1080, 1116, 1152, 1188, 1224, 1260, 1296, 1332, 1368, 1404, etc. Multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108, 117, 126, 135, 144, 153, 162, 171, 180 That's why Tectronix introduced storage tube based terminals. First the 600 series devices which later evolved into the 4000 terminal series and further into the well known 4010 family. No dedicated memory needed for screen refresh - but also no real way to do things like scrolling. In a 'last' step the VT100 of 1978 introduced a 132x24 display, so now every 'professional' output could be shown.

Such was the case for the famed TV Typewriter. In this case, even a single wasted byte was too much, so this display used two screens of 32 x 16 = 1024 bytes. As new forms of RAM emerged that had "binary sizes", you saw a profusion of similar sizes - almost all of the early S-100 systems used 64 x 16 = 1024. This became a fairly widespread "standard" for the mid-1970s. columns were therefore also the goal for CRT based terminals. There was some development needed before a 80x24 could be archived. Memory constraints being not the least (*10). Multiples of 19: 19, 38, 57, 76, 95, 114, 133, 152, 171, 190, 209, 228, 247, 266, 285, 304, 323, 342, 361, 380 Proper fraction button and Improper fraction button work as pair. When you choose the one the other is switched off.

The request for ever more storage capacity (and processing power) by users seam to be a constant during all history of data handling. Generally available in 6.000 Metre lengths and commonly in Grades T304, T316 & Grade T430; All in a wide variety of finishes. With 640 pixels being a natural, easy-to-implement screen width for systems using bitmapped frame buffers, those systems had another good reason: it made the text display logic easier to have 8 pixel wide characters, because then to display a row of pixels for a string you could just copy a byte from the font memory into the framebuffer and increment your pointer to move on to the next character, which is much easier than any alternative font width. Multiples of 13: 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234, 247, 260 Many early manufacturers did first ship with terminals with less then 80 characters and 24 lines. Sometimes even in large numbers.Multiples of 17: 17, 34, 51, 68, 85, 102, 119, 136, 153, 170, 187, 204, 221, 238, 255, 272, 289, 306, 323, 340 Metal Supplies™ supply metal box section products across the UK and internationally. We are a leading provider of metal and metal services to both domestic and commercial customers, including a comprehensive range of stainless steel products.

Multiples of 11: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154, 165, 176, 187, 198, 209, 220 Multiples of 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200 But there was little demand for this width; 132 characters is useful because along with reasonable margins and standard fixed-width fonts, it's about the most characters you can fit on common paper size (e.g. A4 landscape or A3 portrait with 0.4" margins and a 12CPI font, or 8"x11" with 0.5" margins and the same font), so was useful because (1) you could use it for word-processing and see an approximation of what you'd see on paper and (2) you could have a printer that would print the same thing you saw on screen. But there was no such threshold in the region of 91 characters. Before CTR's printer tabulator there was the already quite successful Powers Printing Tabulator. Again not the first, as the Royden system of Peirce Patent Company already had one - not to mention custom developments like done at Prudential Insurance).So by the mid-1970s, there were three different "standards" being widely used, 64, 72, 80. Some terminals also supported 132, those dedicated to accounting as they would generally end up coming out of such a printer, but the technical limitations were many. Memory for holding the text in a glass terminal like the 3300 was generally constructed using shift registers. These tended to be small, so the memory for a "screen of text" required many chips. Using fewer chips was better than more, but there was no strong requirement to use a particular number of them unless you were going for the lowest possible cost. If you’re looking for high-quality, steel hollow section products available for immediate dispatch, Metal Supplies™ are the company you need and we’re happy to help with your project, whether you’re a business or domestic customer. Since an IBM Electric was used as genuine terminal for the very first DEC machine ( PDP-1), it could be argued that DEC's 80 column orientation is originated here :)) RHS in cold and hot finish. Mild Steel Rectangular and Square hollow section, also called box section. Can be supplied in various grades including BS EN 10025 S355 and S275.

Multiples of 15: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, 225, 240, 255, 270, 285, 300 characters is, as described in the comments, very close to the width you can fit on standard paper sizes in portrait orientation. Most typewriters and "letter quality" printers used either Courier Elite (12CPI) or Pica (10CPI). As long as you used reasonable margins you could fit a line of text of either of those onto an 80 character display, so it is particularly useful for word processing, and again you can easily get a printer that can print whatever you see on screen. Multiples of 14: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 168, 182, 196, 210, 224, 238, 252, 266, 280You're maybe focusing a bit to much on the IBM PC and mini computers here. For one, there have been many terminal developments even before DEC started business, and even more when they did. And even more, common memory is defined by many parameters(*2). The well known (*11) Datapoint 2200 did support as well 12 lines of 80 character. The similar but earlier Cogar C4) did only 8 lines with 32 characters ... one reason why it never got as popular. The next iteration as the VT50 of 1974 with 80x12 already reached the 80 characters goal, but mostly due memory constraints, only 12 lines were displayed. Since a 4:3 CRT was used, the resulting picture looked a bit like having every other line blanked out.