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Technically this would place the Sikh community's origins at a much further remove than 1469, perhaps to the dawning of the Sant movement, which possesses clear affinities to Guru Nanak's thought sometime in the tenth century. The predominant ideology of the Sant parampara in turn corresponds in many respects to the much wider devotional Bhakti tradition in northern India." ( Fenech 2014, p.35) Nayar, Kamal Elizabeth; Sandhu, Jaswinder Singh (2007). The Socially Involved Renunciate – Guru Nanaks Discourse to Nath Yogi's. New York: State University of New York Press. p.106. ISBN 978-0-7914-7950-6. Naam Japo ( ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, 'recite His name'): Meditate on God's name, so to feel His presence and control the five thieves of the human personality. a b c Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2011). Sikhism: An Introduction. I. B. Tauris. pp.81–82. ISBN 978-0-85771-962-1. The first shabad close shabad A hymn or verse in the Guru Granth Sahib. of the Guru Granth Sahib is the Mool Mantra close Mool Mantra (Mool Mantar or Mul Mantra) The basic statement of belief that appears at the beginning and throughout the Guru Granth Sahib. . This is the statement of belief for Sikhism. It outlines the belief in one God.

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In the 19th and 20th-century, several manuscript versions of the Adi Granth and the Guru Granth Sahib hymns were discovered. This triggered contesting theories about authenticity and how the canonical text of Sikhism evolved over time. There are five views: [41] Fenech, Louise E. (2014). Singh, P.; Fenech, L. E. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019969930-8. Gurucharan Singh Anand (2011), Ram Rai, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab Universityromanized: As Kripan Khando Kharag, Tupak Tabar Ar Teer Singh, Kirapala; Kapur, Prithipala (2004). Janamsakhi tradition: an analytical study. Singh Brothers. p.174. ISBN 9788172053116. Ménage, V. L. (1979). "The "Gurū Nānak" Inscription at Baghdad". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge. 111 (1): 16–21. doi: 10.1017/S0035869X00134999. JSTOR 25210997. S2CID 163324791.

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Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2004) [First published 1909]. The Sikh Religion – Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors. India: Low Price Publications. ISBN 81-86142-31-2. 1Guru Nanak composed hymns, which were sung by his followers in rāga set to music. [17] His successor, Guru Angad, opened centers and distributed these hymns. The community would sing the hymns and his agents collected donations. [18] This tradition was continued by the third and fourth gurus as well. The fifth guru, Guru Arjan, discovered that Prithi Chand – his eldest brother and a competing claimant to the Sikh guruship – had a copy of an earlier pothi ( palm-leaf manuscript) with hymns and was distributing hymns of the earlier gurus along with his own of hymns. [19] Guru Arjan considered these as spurious and became concerned about establishing an authentic anthology of approved hymns. [20] One of the most popular is 7300 + Objective Questions Reasoning for SSC by Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication. This book is bilingual – English and Hindi.