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Jenkins et al. (2012) said that "[Baffin Island] caribou are unique compared to other Barrenground herds, as they do not overwinter in forested habitat, nor do allcaribou undertake long seasonal migrations to calving areas." It also shares a mtDNA haplotype with Labrador caribou, in the North American lineage (i.e., woodland caribou). [80] Røed et al. (1991) [74] had noted: Because of its importance to many cultures, Rangifer and some of its species and subspecies have names in many languages. Inuvaluit of the western Canadian Arctic and Inuit of the eastern Canadian Arctic, who speak different dialects of Inuktitut, both call the barren-ground caribou tuktu. [42] [43] [44] The Wekʼèezhìi people, a Dene (Athapascan) group, call the Arctic caribou Ɂekwǫ̀ and the boreal woodland caribou tǫdzı. [45] The Gwichʼin (also a Dene group) have over 24 distinct caribou-related words. [46] A variety of predators prey heavily on reindeer, including overhunting by people in some areas, which contributes to the decline of populations. [130] As an old-school almost remake of Tempest, Space Giraffe has players fly down a corridor level blasting enemies into the void, all the time avoiding being hit by an oncoming vessel.

Reindeer Facts | Mental Floss Reindeer Facts | Mental Floss

Additionally, as carrion, reindeer may be scavenged opportunistically by red and Arctic foxes, various species of eagles, hawks and falcons, and common ravens. a b c d "Evaluation of Programs and Activities in Support of the Species at Risk Act" (PDF), Environment Canada, pp.2, 9, 24 September 2012, archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2013 , retrieved 27 December 2013Names follow international convention [7] [8] before the recent revision [9] (see Taxonomy below). Reindeer/caribou ( Rangifer) vary in size from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer ( R. ( t.) platyrhynchus), to the largest, Osborn's caribou ( R. t. osborni). They also vary in coat color and antler architecture. Main article: Reindeer herding A team pulling a sled near Arkhangelsk, Russia, late 19th-century photochrom Milking in Western Finnmark, Norway, 19th century Meldgaard, M. (1986). "The Greenland caribou - zoogeography, taxonomy and population dynamics". Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersagelser i Grønland, Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience. 20: 1–88. Reindeer vary greatly in size and color from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer ( R. ( t.) platyrhynchus), to the largest, Osborn's caribou ( R. t. osborni). Although reindeer are quite numerous, some species and subspecies are in decline and considered vulnerable. They are unique among deer (Cervidae) in that females may have antlers, although the prevalence of antlered females varies by species and subspecies.

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Reindeer are osteophagous; they are known to gnaw and partly consume shed antlers as a dietary supplement and in some extreme cases will cannibalise each other's antlers before shedding. [181] There is also some evidence to suggest that on occasion, especially in the spring when they are nutritionally stressed, [182] they will feed on small rodents (such as lemmings), [183] fish (such as the Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus)), and bird eggs. [184] Reindeer herded by the Chukchis have been known to devour mushrooms enthusiastically in late summer. [185] Beyond their sled-pulling capabilities and discrimination against those with red noses, what do you really know about reindeer? 1. Reindeer and caribou are the same thing. Clement C. Moore’s poem, "A Visit from Saint Nicholas,” introduced the world to Santa’s reindeer and describes them as " tiny." The only reindeer that could really be considered tiny are the Svalbard subspecies, which weighs about half as much as most reindeer subspecies and are at least a foot shorter in length. That may prove useful when landing on roofs. As for little Rudolph, he wasn’t introduced until catalog writer Robert L. May wrote a children’s book in verse for his employer, Montgomery Ward, in 1939 titled “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.” 7. Reindeer are the only mammals that can see ultraviolet light.

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the High Arctic islands (except for Baffin Island) of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, Canada [8] The "glacial-interglacial cycles of the upper Pleistocene had a major influence on the evolution" of Rangifer species and other Arctic and sub-Arctic species. Isolation of tundra-adapted species Rangifer in Last Glacial Maximum refugia during the last glacial – the Wisconsin glaciation in North America and the Weichselian glaciation in Eurasia – shaped "intraspecific genetic variability" particularly between the North American and Eurasian parts of the Arctic. [5] Kolpasсhikov, L.; Makhailov, V.; Russell, D. E. (2015). "The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America" (PDF). Ecology and Society. 20. doi: 10.5751/ES-07129-200109.