Masculinities, 2nd Edition

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Hegemonic masculinity has been used in education studies to understand the dynamics of classroom life, including patterns of resistance and bullying among boys. It was also used to explore relations to the curriculum and the difficulties in gender-neutral pedagogy. [47] It was used to understand teaching strategies and teacher identities among such groups as physical education instructors. [48] This concept has also been helpful in structuring violence-prevention programs for youth. [49] and emotional education programs for boys. [50] Criminology [ edit ] While it is certainly the case that gender-based violence affects women disproportionately, and while men are the main aggressors, they too experience violent consequences as a result of the assumptions and beliefs which underlie gender-based violence. Perhaps nothing shows this better than the history of conflict and genocide. Hooper, Charlotte (2001). Manly states: masculinities, international relations, and gender politics. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231120753.

Masculinities - Gender Matters - The Council of Europe Masculinities - Gender Matters - The Council of Europe

a b c d Laemmle, Julie (February 2013). "Barbara Martin: Children at Play: Learning Gender in the Early Years (book review)". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 42 (2): 305–307. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9871-7. S2CID 141133335. Research shows that violence plays an integral and complex role in male identity, and that it is an accepted and normal part of many boys’ lives and experiences. Young men tend to refer to violence primarily in relation to men’s violence towards other men. Violence has been seen as a way to assert one’s masculinity in front of other men, or a way of dealing with things that might challenge aspects of masculinity and cause a feeling of shame. 71Martino, Wayne (July 1995). "Boys and literacy: Exploring the construction of hegemonic masculinities and the formation of literate capacities for boys in the English classroom". English in Australia. 112: 11–24. a b c d e f g h i j k l Hooper, Charlotte (July 1999). "Masculinities, IR and the 'gender variable': a cost-benefit analysis for (sympathetic) gender sceptics". Review of International Studies. 25 (3): 475–480. doi: 10.1017/s0260210599004751. S2CID 145630038. Connell, R. W.; Messerschmidt, James W. (December 2005). "Hegemonic Masculinity". Gender & Society. 19 (6): 829–859. doi: 10.1177/0891243205278639. ISSN 0891-2432. S2CID 5804166. Burton Nelson, Mariah (1994). The stronger women get, the more men love football: sexism and the American culture of sports. New York: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 9780151813933.

Hegemonic masculinity - Wikipedia Hegemonic masculinity - Wikipedia

Here is a powerful reply to Iron John, a fresh look at the complicated nature of what R.W. Connell calls "masculinities." One of the most important voices in the new feminist scholarship by men, Connell provides a nuanced and incisive analysis of how our notions of masculinity have evolved in psychoanalysis, social science, and historically in the creation of a global economy. There is not one but many masculinities, he claims, in a bold critique of the "men's movement" and other simplistic approaches to sexual identity. Instead, Connell delineates the complicated dynamics of masculine politics and recent changes in male identity. Brod, Harry (1994). "Some thoughts on some histories of some masculinities: Jews and other others". In Brod, Harry; Kaufman, Michael (eds.). Theorizing masculinities. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. pp. 82–96. ISBN 9780803949041.

Addis, Michael E. (September 2008). "Gender and depression in men". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 15 (3): 153–168. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.642. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00125.x. Another concept that troubles the gender binary is the idea of multiple masculinities (Connell, 2005). Connell suggests that there is more than one kind of masculinity and what is considered “masculine” differs by race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender. For example, being knowledgeable about computers might be understood as masculine because it can help a person accumulate income and wealth, and we consider wealth to be masculine. However, computer knowledge only translates into “masculinity” for certain men. While an Asian-American, middle-class man might get a boost in “masculinity points” (as it were) for his high-paying job with computers, the same might not be true for a working-class white man whose white-collar desk job may be seen as a weakness to his masculinity by other working-class men. Expectations for masculinity differ by age; what it means to be a man at 19 is very different than what it means to be a man at 70. Therefore, masculinity intersects with other identities and expectations change accordingly. R. W. Connell and T. H. Irving, Class structure in Australian history, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1980. a b Kupers, Terry A. (June 2005). "Toxic masculinity as a barrier to mental health treatment in prison". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 61 (6): 713–724. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.600.7208. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20105. PMID 15732090. Levant, Ronald F.; Wong, Y. Joel (2017). The Psychology of Men and Masculinities. Washington: American Psychological Association. ISBN 978-1-43-382690-0.

the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and

Kessler, S.; Ashenden, D. J.; Connell, R. W.; Dowsett, G. W. (January 1985). "Gender Relations in Secondary Schooling". Sociology of Education. 58 (1): 34. doi: 10.2307/2112539. JSTOR 2112539. Dellinger, K. (2004). Masculinities in ‘safe’ and ‘embattled’ organizations: Accounting for pornographic and feminist magazines. Gender and Society, 18(5), 545–566. Connell, Raewyn (2008). Masculinities. Univ. of California Pr. ISBN 978-0-520-24698-0. OCLC 706913937.a b c d e Scott, John, ed. (2015) [1994]. "Hegemonic masculinity". A Dictionary of Sociology (4thed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p.302. doi: 10.1093/acref/9780199683581.001.0001. ISBN 9780191763052. LCCN 2014942679. a b De Visser, Richard O.; McDonnell, Elizabeth J. (January 2013). "Man points: masculine capital and young men's health". Health Psychology. 32 (1): 5–14. doi: 10.1037/a0029045. PMID 22888820. In today’s society it takes a lot to grasp the change in how masculinity is “supposed” to be. To be able to truly understand the sort of expectations that men are held to by society there must be a detailed look into what R.W. Connell refers to as “Hegemonic Masculinity” (Connell), it justifies men’s position in society as head of society and puts women second, saying women are supposed to submit to men. The impact it has on men in today’s society is, more than less, changing, but still has a significant place in male masculinity and in a lot of the “norms” we have, such as the man has to be the “breadwinner” of the household, and the women should only take care of the house. We often deamn these beliefs to be true by nature, as soon as a boy becomes a “man” he must go out and become the head of something or show that he is a man by gaining power (Being the head of his household, owning a business, getting wealthy, ect.). a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Connell, R. W.; Messerschmidt, James W. (December 2005). Risman, Barbara (ed.). "Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept" (PDF). Gender & Society. SAGE Publications in association with Sociologists for Women in Society. 19 (6): 829–859. doi: 10.1177/0891243205278639. ISSN 1552-3977. JSTOR 7640853. S2CID 5804166. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016 . Retrieved 28 December 2021. As a sociological concept, the nature of hegemonic masculinity derives from the theory of cultural hegemony, by Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci, which analyses the power relations among the social classes of a society. Hence, in the term hegemonic masculinity, the adjective hegemonic refers to the cultural dynamics by means of which a social group claims, and sustains, a leading and dominant position in a social hierarchy; nonetheless, hegemonic masculinity embodies a form of social organization that has been sociologically challenged and changed.