SKIN&LAB - Vitamin C Brightening Serum 30ml

Product Information

Husada D, et al. (2020). An evaluation of the clinical features of measles virus infection for diagnosis in children within a limited resources setting. The below table identifies the skin cell count and aggregate cell mass estimates for a 70kg adult male (ICRP-23; ICRP-89, ICRP-110). [14] [15] [16] Supplies blood: Blood vessels in the dermis provide nutrients to the epidermis, keeping the skin layers healthy. The actual skin colour of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance determining human skin colour is the pigment melanin. Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin colour of darker-skinned humans. The skin colour of people with light skin is determined mainly by the bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis and by the haemoglobin circulating in the veins of the dermis. The red colour underlying the skin becomes more visible, especially in the face, when, as consequence of physical exercise or the stimulation of the nervous system (anger, fear), arterioles dilate. [21] The skin of humans and some other mammals can lose water on purpose, through the process of sweat. By releasing water onto the skin, the body can cool itself through evaporation. Since the warmest molecules of water evaporate first, the end result is carrying heat away from the body.

Birds have feathers, which play a similar role to hair, but which also enable flight. Birds’ feathers grow from follicles in the skin, just like mammals’ hairs do. Keeps you in touch: Nerves in the dermis tell you when something is too hot to touch, itchy or super soft. These nerve receptors also help you feel pain. Larese FF, D'Agostin F, Crosera M, Adami G, Renzi N, Bovenzi M, Maina G (January 2009). "Human skin penetration of silver nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin". Toxicology. 255 (1–2): 33–37. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.025. PMID 18973786. The skin patch is usually pink in color but can have a brown, tan, or gray base. This patch may appear the same color as the surrounding skin in people with darker skin. Though most human skin is covered with hair follicles, some parts can be hairless. There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless). [33] The adjective cutaneous means "of the skin" (from Latin cutis, skin). [34] Functions [ edit ]The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbours many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat. It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the stratum basale of the epidermis. A large area of interest in nanomedicine is the transdermal patch because of the possibility of a painless application of therapeutic agents with very few side effects. Transdermal patches have been limited to administer a small number of drugs, such as nicotine, because of the limitations in permeability of the skin. Development of techniques that increase skin permeability has led to more drugs that can be applied via transdermal patches and more options for patients. [55]

People who live in dry areas such as deserts are more likely to show signs of dry skin, because their skin loses more moisture than those who live in humid areas. a b Filipe P, Silva JN, Silva R, Cirne de Castro JL, Marques Gomes M, Alves LC, etal. (2009). "Stratum corneum is an effective barrier to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle percutaneous absorption". Skin Pharmacology and Physiology. 22 (5): 266–275. doi: 10.1159/000235554. PMID 19690452. S2CID 25769287. On light skin, eczema can cause a red rash. This rash may appear brown, purple, or gray on darker skin.

The epidermis, "epi" coming from the Greek language meaning "over" or "upon", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina.

If you notice a lesion on your skin, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider or dermatologist to have it looked at. During your appointment, they will physically examine the characteristics of the lesion, including its size, shape, color, texture, and location. The word skin originally only referred to dressed and tanned animal hide and the usual word for human skin was hide. Keratinocytes are the major cells, constituting 95% of the epidermis, [11] while Merkel cells, melanocytes and Langerhans cells are also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata or layers (beginning with the outermost layer): [12] Outbreaks may also be accompanied by mild, flu-like symptoms such as low fever, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. Relapses may be triggered by spicy foods, alcoholic beverages, sunlight, stress, and the intestinal bacteria Helicobacter pylori.This can cause clusters of itchy, red or brown, fluid-filled blisters in various stages of healing all over the body. a b c Toledo, R.C.; Jared, C. (May 1995). "Cutaneous granular glands and amphibian venoms". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 111 (1): 1–29. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(95)98515-I. Sherman, Vincent R. (2015). "The materials science of collagen". Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 52: 22–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.023. PMID 26144973.

The epidermis contains no blood vessels and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells that make up the epidermis are keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The epidermis helps the skin regulate body temperature. Thermoregulation: Eccrine ( sweat) glands and dilated blood vessels (increased superficial perfusion) aid heat loss, while constricted vessels greatly reduce cutaneous blood flow and conserve heat. Erector pili muscles in mammals adjust the angle of hair shafts to change the degree of insulation provided by hair or fur. Several scientific studies confirmed that changes in baseline nutritional status affects skin condition.Nanoparticles of different materials have shown skin's permeability limitations. In many experiments, gold nanoparticles 40nm in diameter or smaller are used and have shown to penetrate to the epidermis. Titanium oxide (TiO 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silver nanoparticles are ineffective in penetrating the skin past the stratum corneum. [46] [51] Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots have proven to penetrate very effectively when they have certain properties. Because CdSe is toxic to living organisms, the particle must be covered in a surface group. An experiment comparing the permeability of quantum dots coated in polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG- amine, and carboxylic acid concluded the PEG and PEG-amine surface groups allowed for the greatest penetration of particles. The carboxylic acid coated particles did not penetrate past the stratum corneum. [50] Increasing permeability [ edit ]